Demyelinating diseases are a group of diseases characterized by the loss of nerve myelin sheath and relatively mild damage of the neuronal cell and axon. Under normal physiological conditions, organism spontaneously regenerates myelin after demyelination. However, under pathological conditions, this process will be inhibited due to a variety of factors, leading to the incompletion or failure of remyelination, the development of demyelination and the continuous aggravation of the disease. It has been found that remyelination in the central nervous system involves the interactions of cells such as oligodendrocytes precursor cell(OPC), oligodendrocytes (OL), microglia (MG) and astrocytes (AST), which are regulated by multiple signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and RTK receptors. On these basis, the remyelination process in central nervous system and the demyelinating diseases are introduced in this paper.The recent advances on cell basis and molecular mechanism of remyelination are reviewed in detail, and the clinical potential therapeutic drugs for remyelination are summarized, so as to gain a clearer understanding on the remyelination mechanism in the central nervous system as well as the current treatment status and therapeutic drugs for demyelinating diseases.

remyelination in central nervous system; oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) ; molecular mechanism; demyelinating diseases; treatment drugs