Pingshuo opencast coal mining is one of the large-scale open-cast mines in our country, but its ecological and environmental problems are serious.Based on the data from field studies and questionnaire survey in Pingshuo opencast coal mine in Shanxi province,using factor analysis and principal component analysis, the residents′ perception of environmental problems was classified.The spatial differentiation in perception of environmental problems was analyzed on the basis of GIS and its influencing factors were discussed. Results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of residents′ perception of environmental pollution appeared a single-core structure. However, the perception of environmental satisfaction and geological disasters emerged as a dual core structure. In addition, the perception of effects of coal mining on the life and health was multi-core structure. In areas with strong environmental pollution perception and strong geological disasters perception, the residents′ perception of environmental satisfaction was relatively low, and the perception of effects of coal mining on the life and health was strong. Influencing factors of spatial differentiation were discussed, which were the history of coal mining, the intensity of environmental management, strength of mining activities around settlements, residents′ attributes and geographical location.

environmental issues; perception; spatial differentiation; Pingshuo; opencast coal mine煤炭作为我国的重要能源，为社会经济发展做出重大贡献，但是煤炭开采也给资源开发地带来诸多问题\[1\],露天矿区的生态环境问题尤为严重\[2\]。中国露天煤矿大多处于干旱、半干旱的生态脆弱区\[3\]，煤炭资源开发会对矿区的生态和居民生活产生更加不利影响。以往对露天矿区的研究集中在矿区土地损毁与复垦景观指数分析\[3\]、排土场重构土壤颗粒组成的多重分形特征\[4\]、复垦区表层土壤中多环芳烃的毒性风险分析\[5\]、植被恢复研究\[2\]、生态风险受体分析\[6\]、环境质量与资源利用评价\[7\]等方面，而关于矿区居民的环境感知研究却较少。作为人们环境行为心理基础的环境感知，其准确性会影响环境行为的合理性\[8\]。国外在环境问题感知方面已经做了一些研究，如Pantavou等\[9\]研究了地中海区域公众空气质量感知的影响因素；O′Neill等\[10\]将居民主观洪水风险感知与研究区域内的客观风险度量进行比较，在个人层面识别两者的偏差；Sakai等\[11\]分析了城市居民对环境污染风险的认识和对城市径流污染认识方式的差异；在人口快速增长和城市化的背景下，Islam等\[12\]基于城市居民的感知探索环境质量的空间变化；此外还有一些关于气候变化的感知研究\[13-14\]。国内的环境感知研究集中于环境污染感知\[15\]，居民属性对环境问题感知的影响\[16\]，不同生计方式农户的环境感知\[17\]以及公众对气候变化的感知\[18\]等方面。总体而言，国内的研究还比较欠缺，内容上只是环境问题感知的某一个类别，研究方法上多采用统计学方法，没有实现空间上的分异。本文试图以平朔露天矿区为例，采用因子分析，将环境问题感知分为环境污染感知、地质灾害感知、环境满意度感知和对生活健康影响感知4类，然后用ArcView GIS呈现4类感知的空间特征，并分析影响空间分异的因素，希望提升居民的环境意识并推进环境保护行动的开展，为该区域环境治理与规划提供指导。