In the early 20th century when psychology didn’t show its academic character in scientific conception and theoretical pursuit as a science, Watson and James established negation and transcendence as the “awareness concepts” of primary categories of psychological scholarship in those tomes in their respective papers. However, they differed in principle in ground and motivation for the negative “awareness”, which determined their great differences in ideological line they sought and historical significance they intended to realize. This typically represents or shapes the two mutuallyopposite cultures and logics. These two mutuallyopposite psychological cultures or logics as well as forms of expression of various theories in between make up the whole picture of psychology as a science and its history.

Consciousness; psychology; John Watson; behaviorism; William James; utter empiricalism