We need badly to build a balancedpopulation society to adapt to globalization, summarize historical experience, and solve the reality of population. The construction of this society calls for absorption of rich and solid theoretical resources, including the western theory of balanced population, Marxist theory of population and the thought of human communion with nature in ancient China. In the current theoretical construction, theoretically we should further explore the theories of sustainable development, of scientific development, and of harmonious society of human communion with nature in ancient China to provide guide for population practice. Practically, we should probe into the interrelation between balanced population society and building of harmonious society and analyze possible great effects of balanced population on preserving Chinese civilization.

balancedpopulation society; western theory of balanced population; Marxism; theory of population; the thought of human communion with nature