哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
哲学研究
什么是逻辑概念? ——建立所有逻辑规律的基因族谱(上篇)
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马 养 新,马 千 里
(陕西师范大学 政治经济学院, 陕西 西安 710062; 武警工程大学 基础部, 陕西 西安 710086)
马养新,男,陕西兴平市人,陕西师范大学政治经济学院副教授;马千里,男,陕西西安市人,武警工程大学基础部讲师。
摘要:
逻辑概念是以命题为反映对象的。命题具有两方面的意义:一是存在意义,即陈述了对象情况;二是真值意义,即陈述了命题真值情况。抽象出存在意义形成综合命题及其所含的非逻辑概念,抽象出真值意义形成分析命题及其所含的逻辑概念。非逻辑概念是反映综合命题所涉及对象及其情况的。逻辑概念是反映命题真值性质或真值关系的。逻辑概念具有诸多特征:在内容上,是反映命题真值性质或真值关系的;在存在方式上,是分析命题有限、共同和稳定的成分;在语言上,既有相对固定的自然语词,又有单义的人工语词;在形成上,有能行性的方法,按给定的程序,在有限步骤内能够发现所有成对的基本逻辑概念;在作用上,都是真值函项,包含逻辑概念的分析命题,真值都由所含直接支命题的真值决定。在所含支命题相同的条件下,包含不同逻辑概念的分析命题因内容异同,发生全部逻辑关系,孕育所有逻辑规律。
关键词:
逻辑概念; 逻辑规律; 日常命题; 命题真值; 分析命题; 真值函项
收稿日期:
2011-06-12
中图分类号:
B081-0
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2012)04-0079-05
基金项目:
Doi:
What’s the Concept of Logic?
MA Yangxin, MA Qianli
(College of Politics and Economics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi;Department of Basic Courses, Armed Police Engineering Institute, Xi’an 710086, Shaanxi)
Abstract:
The concept of logic represents the object with the proposition. The proposition has two meanings: the meaning of existence which states matters of the object, and the meaning of true value which states matters of the true value. The abstracted meaning of existence forms the synthetic proposition and nonlogical concept it contains and the abstracted meaning of true value forms the analytic proposition and logical concept it contains. Accordingly, the non-logic proposition presents the object the synthetic proposition concerns and matters of it while the logical concept reflects the character and relationship of true value. As a result, the concept of logic is diversely characteristic. In content, it represents the character and relationship of true value; in form of existence, it is the finite, common and stable of the analytic proposition; in language, it has both relatively fixed natural expressions and artificial univocal terms; in formation, it has feasible means, helping discover all parallel basic logical concepts by limited steps; in function, all concepts of logic are containers of true value, by which the true values of all analytic propositions containing the concept of logic are determined by the true values of their subpropositions. When the subpropositions they contain are identical, all analytic propositions containing different concepts of logic share all logical relationships and nurture all logical disciplines according to their differences in content.
KeyWords:
the concept of logic; law of logic; common proposition; true value of a proposition; analytic proposition; contents of true value