Under the threat of a extinguishment of the State and the nation, a nationalistic trend rose vigorously in modern China. For an interpretation of Chinese nationalism, there were two strikingly contrastive versions, the idea of “launching an antiMan revolution” advocated by bourgeois revolutionaries and the slogan of “the Man and the Han being one family” propagated by bourgeois constitutionalists. However, the two interpretations gradually turned to agree in historical development and finally shaped the new version of “agreement of the five nationalities” characterized by the agreement of the Chinese nation, which marked a complete transformation of the relationship between the Man and the Han nationalities.

ethnic relations in the late Qing Dynasty; the relationship between the Man and the Han nationalities; nationalism; agreement of the Chinese nation