Chinese modern literature orientates its complaint and criticism of violence not only to the direct violence in disasters generally caused by corrupted officials, bandits, and soldiers but also to such sorts of soft violence as Confucianism, and superstition and their upgraded form——bare ruthless violence. While justifying resistance against violence, Chinese modern literature takes an analytic attitude by inquiring into blind and uncontrolled use of violence. As a result, leftwing, democratic, and liberalist literatures in China take different shapes in their analytic descriptions of violence.

Chinese modern literature; subjectmatter of violence; leftwing literature; democratic literature; liberalist literature