哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
中国古代文学研究
“大团圆”结局的机制检讨与文化探源
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冯 文 楼
(陕西师范大学 文学院, 陕西 西安 710062)
冯文楼(1950—),男,陕西子长人,陕西师范大学文学院教授。
摘要:
中国古代戏曲中的“大团圆”结局是随着《西厢记》和《琵琶记》的“经典化”过程而渐成定格的,遂演变为一种带有形式主义特征的主导性叙事模式。这一模式是艺术场域与权力场域相协调的产物,体现的是“礼乐之和”和“治世之音”;它一旦被经典化后,就内含有一种复制机制、生产机制与调控机制。中国人固有的“伦理信念”,保障和支撑着“大团圆”结局的实现和完成;由此而塑造的“文化习性”,是消愁补恨、复制团圆的内在机制。中国戏曲与传统的“乐教”之“乐”,有着文化谱系上的家族血缘关系与传承关系,“大团圆”是“乐”之文化属性——“和”所型塑的景观;“中庸理性”的行动取向和对立转化的致思方式,是指导叙事、消弭冲突的“文化文法”。概而言之,曲之为“曲”,是大传统文化的“乐教”观与小传统文化的民间趣味及其时代精神的高度综合体。
关键词:
中国戏曲; 大团圆结局; 和合精神; 中庸理性; 文化精神
收稿日期:
2008-01-15
中图分类号:
I20737
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2008)04-0024-09
基金项目:
Doi:
A Critical Discussion on the Mechanism of the Windingup of Happy Reunion and Its Cultural Origin
FENG Wenlou
(College of Chinese Language and Literature, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi)
Abstract:
With the classicization of The Story in the West Mansion and The Story of the Pipa, the windingup of happy reunion in Chinese ancient drama gradually took shape and finally turned into a leading formalist narrative mode. As a product of coordination between the worlds of art and power, this mode embodied “harmonization of propriety and music” and “voice of peaceful rule”. Once classicized, the mode contained in itself a mechanism of duplication, production and regulation. Moreover, traditional “ethical concepts” of the Chinese nation guaranteed and enhanced the realization and accomplishment of the windingup of happy reunion. To be brief, Chinese drama was a highdegree complex of the view of “music education” in Chinese culture, local taste of folk convention and current mainstream tendency in those days.
KeyWords:
Chinese drama; the windingup of happy reunion; spirit of harmony and union; reasoning of golden means; cultural spirit