哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
哲学研究
从幸福论与德性论走向神论
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黄 颂 杰
(复旦大学 当代国外马克思主义研究中心, 上海 200433)
黄颂杰(1938—),男,上海市人,复旦大学哲学学院、当代国外马克思主义研究中心教授,博士生导师。
摘要:
亚里士多德的伦理学属于实践哲学,讨论的是人的行为而非认知。目的论是这种伦理学的基础。人的行为的最终目的是至善,也就是幸福。幸福并不等于生活的享受和快乐,也不等于财富和荣誉。幸福是合乎德性的灵魂的现实活动。伦理德性是人的一种称为“中道”的品格状况。中道由一种被称为“实践智慧”的实践理性所确定。德性规定了目的,实践智慧使我们去做导向目的的事情。在实践行为方面亚氏给实践智慧以很高的地位,但哲学智慧高于实践智慧,因为亚氏又把至善至福归之于理性的思辨活动,这种思辨活动也是神的生活。作为实践哲学的伦理学与作为思辨哲学的第一哲学(形而上学)一样走向了神学。
关键词:
幸福论; 德性论; 中道; 实践智慧; 神论
收稿日期:
2008-01-04
中图分类号:
B502-233
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2008)03-0030-08
基金项目:
Doi:
From the Theory of Happiness and Moral Conduct to Theology
HUANG Songjie
(Institution of Contemporary Foreign Marxism, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433)
Abstract:
Aristotle's Ethics falls into practical philosophy for it concerns human conduct rather than cognition with teleology as its theoretical basis. According to Aristotle, the ultimate objective of human conduct is true good, that is, happiness. And happiness doesn't mean enjoying life or pleasure nor property or honour, but realistic activity out of a mind agreeing with moral conduct. Aristotle spoke highly of practical wisdom but philosophic wisdom is even higher than the former. As a result, he attributed true good and true happiness to pondering activity, which was only a life of god. Thus ethics as practical philosophy turned into theology like the First Philosophy (metaphysics).
KeyWords:
view of happiness; view of moral conduct; Golden Means; practical wisdom; theology