哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
教育学研究
校园里的争斗: 20世纪前期哈佛大学本科招生反犹主义研究
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陈卓
(浙江理工大学 马克思主义学院, 浙江 杭州 310018)
陈卓,男,湖南怀化人,教育学博士,浙江理工大学马克思主义学院教授。
摘要:
20世纪前期哈佛大学本科招生过程中出现了一股反犹浪潮,较为典型地体现出校园里的权力争斗性质。从场域、合法性和权力3个方面审视这段历史可以发现:在20世纪初整个美国社会的反移民浪潮背景下,反犹运动经历了从文化到政治的过渡,最终波及哈佛招生制度,并促进了哈佛大学与耶鲁大学、普林斯顿大学、哥伦比亚大学等其他大学之间的组织同形。作为两种不同类型的文化资本,学业资本与品位资本分别为哈佛的利益相关者提供了合法性机制:前者有利于犹太学生获得平等的教育权利,成为他们参与哈佛招生争斗的主要武器;后者则为反犹主义者提供了主要合法性依据和具体操作空间。招生过程也是权力争斗的过程,权力并非全部都是强制性的,在不同行动者之间的交换关系中,形成了不同支配同盟,采取了多种争斗策略,最终推动哈佛招生制度的变革。
关键词:
哈佛大学; 招生制度; 本科招生; 反犹主义; 布尔迪厄
收稿日期:
2020-08-18
中图分类号:
G571.29
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2021)01-0152-14
基金项目:
2019年度国家社会科学基金高校思政课研究专项“中外合作办学高校思政课建设研究”(19VSZ123);2020年度浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“制度变迁视角下的中国特色现代大学制度建设”(20NDJC200YB);2017年度浙江省高等学校中青年学科带头人培养对象(浙教办高科〔2017〕68号)
Doi:
Fighting on Campus:A Study on the Phenomena of Antisemitism in Undergraduate Admissions of Harvard University in the Early 20th Century
CHEN Zhuo
(Marxist College, Zhejiang SciTech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang)
Abstract:
In the early 20th century, there was a wave of antisemitism in the undergraduate admissions process of Harvard University which reflects the nature of power struggle on the campus more typically. Scanning at this phase of history from three aspects: field, legality and power, you can discover that in the whole American society there was an antiimmigration wave in the early 20th century. The antisemitic movement experienced a transition from culture to politics and it eventually spread to Harvard’s admissions system. This promoted the organization homogeneity between Harvard and Yale, Princeton, Columbia and other universities. As two different types of cultural capital, Academic Capital and Class Capital provide the legality mechanism for Harvard’s stakeholders. The former is good for Jewish students to get equal education rights which can become their main weapon in the competition for Harvard admission. The latter provides the main legality basis and concrete operational space for antisemitism. The admissions process is also a power struggle process. Not all power is mandatory. In exchange relationships between different actors, there are different governing alliances. A variety of strategies have been adopted. Finally, it pushed to change Harvard’s admissions system.
KeyWords:
Harvard University; admissions institution; undergraduate admission; antisemitism; Pierre Bourdieu