哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
经济学研究
劳动力结构、工业智能与全要素生产率
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魏玮1, 张万里1, 宣旸2
(1 西安交通大学 经济与金融学院, 陕西 西安 710061; 2 西安电子科技大学 人文学院, 陕西 西安 710126)
魏玮,男,陕西丹凤人,经济学博士,西安交通大学经济与金融学院教授,博士研究生导师。
摘要:
随着科技不断进步,人工智能、3D打印、机器人等工业智能技术迅猛发展,为经济增长注入新的活力。然而工业智能会对劳动力产生替代作用的“破坏能力”和补充新岗位的“创造能力”,不同地区要素禀赋结构、产业结构差异等都会促使劳动力结构对全要素生产率的作用不同。使用2004—2016年省级面板数据,运用熵权法构建工业智能化指数,通过建立面板平滑转换模型,研究不同地区劳动力结构随着工业智能化指数变化如何影响地区全要素生产率,可以发现: (1) 工业智能化能够提高生产技术,形成规模化生产,促进全要素生产率; (2) 当工业智能化不断发展,高低技能劳动力比值的增加会对全要素生产率产生正向作用,随着智能技术不断融入企业内部并被劳动力熟练使用,高技能人才的提高才能有效提高经济增长; (3)不同地区处于不同工业智能发展阶段,劳动力结构对全要素生产率的影响不同,中西部早期高技能人才反而会阻碍经济增长,而东部地区工业智能化发展中期也会阻碍经济增长,需要根据要素禀赋和产业结构等因素调整适合当地发展的劳动力结构。
关键词:
人工智能; 工业智能; 全要素生产率; 劳动力结构; 新经济
收稿日期:
2020-02-16
中图分类号:
F241; F424.3
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2020)04-0143-13
基金项目:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“ICT对中国技术进步的作用机理及影响效果研究”(71874138)
Doi:
Labor Structure, Industrial Intelligence and Total Factor Productivity
WEI Wei 1, ZHANG Wanli1, XUAN Yang2
(1 Institution of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi;2 School of Humanities, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126 , Shaanxi)
Abstract:
Artificial intelligence, 3D printing and robotics are developing rapidly with the continuous development of science and technology, which brings new vitality into economic growth.However, industrial intelligence has a “destructive feature” to replace labor, and a “creative feature” to create new jobs.The difference of factor endowment structure and industrial structure in different regions will lead to different effects of labor structure on total factor productivity.Using 2004-2016 provincial panel data, building an industrial intelligence index via entropy weight method, this paper studies how the labor structure of different regions affects the regional total factor productivity with the change of industrial intelligence index through panel smooth transformation model.The conclusions are as follows: (1) Industrial intelligence can improve production technology to form scale-economy and increase total factor productivity.(2) With the continuous development of industrial intelligence, the ratio of high and low skilled labor will have a positive effect on total factor productivity.The improvement of high skilled talents can improve economic growth effectively.(3) Industrial intelligence in different regions develops differently, and the impact of labor structure on total factor productivity is also different.The high skilled talents in the central and western regions will hinder economic growth at the early stage, while industrial intelligence in the eastern region will also hinder economic growth in the middle term.It is necessary to adjust the labor structure suitable for local development according to factor endowment and the industrial structure.
KeyWords:
artificial intelligence; industrial intelligence; total factor productivity; labor structure; new economy