哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
历史学研究
古文“字”形义构建的民俗学解读
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吕 亚 虎
(陕西师范大学 历史文化学院, 陕西 西安 710119)
吕亚虎,男,陕西洋县人,历史学博士,陕西师范大学历史文化学院副教授。
摘要:
在中国古代,妇女产育常被看做污秽之事而须加以避忌。古文“字”“从子在宀下”,象房屋中有子之状,正是古人基于对妇女产育的避忌,特为孕妇设置待产场所乳舍(或产舍)俗信在古文字构形中的反映。乳舍是孕妇待产之所,也是其产后与初生儿临时居住的场所。基此,本义为生育的古文“字”又引申出爱、养及孳乳增加之义。南宋以降,“字”又衍生出“许嫁”之义,这或与时人对《礼记·曲礼上》“女子许嫁笄而字”文义的曲解有关。
关键词:
“字”; 构形; 产育禁忌; 字义
收稿日期:
2019-03-22
中图分类号:
H028;K890文献标识码: A
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2020)02-0067-10
基金项目:
教育部社会科学基金项目“出土简帛文献与中国早期术数信仰研究”(16XJA770003);陕西省社会科学基金项目“出土简帛文献所见术数信仰研究”(2016H004)
Doi:
Folklore Interpretation of the Construction of the Form and Meaning of the Ancient Character “Zi”(字) Word
LV Yahu
(School of History and Culture, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi)
Abstract:
In ancient China, childbirth was often regarded as a filthy thing that should be avoided. The image of the ancient Chinese character “Zi”(字) consists of a child under a coof, which is the reflection of the common belief of the delivery room in the ancient Chinese character configuration, based on the taboo of women’s childbirth. The delivery room is the place for pregnant women to wait for delivery, and also the place for their temporary residence postpartum.Therefore, the original meaning of the word “Zi”(字) in ancient Chinese is fertility, which extends the meaning of love, nurture, and multipling. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, due to scholars’ misunderstanding of the literal meaning of “The woman gave her a new name after the rite of passage, indicating that she could marry”, in “Quli Chapters in the Book of Rites”, the word “Zi”(字) derived the meaning of “allowed to marry”.
KeyWords:
Zi(字); the font construction of ancient Chinese characters; Fertility taboos; the meaning of word