Abstract:
Monopolies had been controlled by government in the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. The specific performance had included selling out in shops, Biaopei(俵配)and Bozheng(博征) on the salt monopoly; the proportion of government monopoly had enlarged with trading on the tea monopoly; the wine monopoly directed to fermentation material and it belongs to the monopoly of productive factors. The trend comes from change of central and local governments in the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Local governments began to attend or lead monopolies and promote them by administration. But it caused the problem of increased institutional costs, compulsory transactions, severe monopolies, favorable for local finance and show the abuse of government monopolies. Remaining problems of monopoly from Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms has vanished through a long process. The monopoly of salt and sea did not share in profits with local governments in the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.The wine monopoly had eliminated effects by the means of retail sale Zhiyuan in the 27th year in the Yuan Dynasty.
