哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
哲学研究
结构主义语言学视域下对逻辑主义认识论的再审视
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黄 秦 安
(陕西师范大学 数学与信息科学学院, 陕西 西安 710119)
黄秦安,男,陕西西安市人,哲学博士,陕西师范大学数学与信息科学学院教授,博士研究生导师。
摘要:
从结构主义语言学的视域看,逻辑主义真理的一个认识论缺陷就是没有区分形式化逻辑语言的“所指”与“能指”。由于坚持还原论和逻辑中心主义的信念,由此陷入了语义困境。在逻辑语言的“能指”范围内去强求逻辑真理的“所指”目标,结果只能以落空和失败告终。哥德尔不完全性定理、塔尔斯基定理和图灵停机问题的不可判定性等著名结论都表明,在逻辑学中,既没有免受质疑的元语言假设,也不存在完备的和终极的逻辑“所指”。任何逻辑范式只有保持动态开放性和多样选择性,才能发挥其在揭示形式语言真理性上更为深刻和独特的作用。
关键词:
逻辑主义; 结构主义语言学; “所指”; “能指”; 语义学; 塔尔斯基定理
收稿日期:
2017-06-22
中图分类号:
H0-06;B81-06
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2018)03-0082-06
基金项目:
Doi:
Rethinking the Epistemology of Logicism Under the Perspective of Structural Linguistics
HUANG Qinan
(School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi)
Abstract:
From the perspective of structural linguistics, a fundamental defect of Logicism’s notion of truth is that it makes no difference between signified and signifier in formal logic language. Due to the persistance in the beliefs of reductionism and logocentricism, Logicism fall into a semantic dilemma. To pursue the signified of logic truth in the scope of signifier leads to failure in the end. G del’s incompleteness theorem, Tarski theorem and undecidability of the halting problem of the Turing machine all indicate that in logic theory, there is no meta language which can be escaped from being questioned, neither ultimate logic signified truth. Any logic paradigms should keep dynamic openness and diversified alternatives, so that they could play better and unique effects in the process of revealing the truth of formal language.
KeyWords:
logicism; structural linguistics; signified; signifier; semantics; Tarski theorem