The xuanxue (neoTaoism) in the Wei and the Jin dynasties and the lixue (neoConfucianism) in the Song dynasty are actually reactions to the social unrest of the dark ages in Chinese history, and are totally different approaches in academic doctrines. Both were trying to change human ideas and thoughts, to transform the mindset, to stabilize the people’s minds, and to build up a harmonious society. These two doctrines were seeking to guide people to create a speculative selfawareness, or virtuous selfawareness through metaphysical ascension, to create our common world of living enjoying communitarian harmony among sovereign states and keeping everlasting peace through the highest universal and transcendent metaphysical principles.

IChing; harmony; taihe (the great harmony); Laozi; doctrine of organism; natureinteractionism