The abolishment of serfdom in 1861 marked the real start of Russian modernization. Under the drive of peasant reform, the Czar Government started to introduce a judicial reform in 1864 so as to solve the many problems in the old institutions, such low efficiency, corruption, injustice and so on, and reconcile the interests between different social classes. The reform contributed several innovations, for example, power separation, open trial and establishment of the appealing system, jury system and lawyer system. In terms of practice, the reform played an important role in promoting the completion of national legal system, which made Russia advance to a lawruled country. However, a series of antireform measures adopted by the Czar Government between 1870s and 1890s partly undermined the foundation and principle for construction of a lawruled state, which made the Czar despotism itself an insurmountable obstacle to the construction of a lawruled country. From the abovementioned, the construction of a lawruled under the despotic institution calls for not only a judicial reform but transformation of a serises of complicated problems in political institution reform.

a history of Russia; judicial reform; lawruled country