哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
学术评论与争鸣
《孔子诗论》真伪疑议
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魏 耕 原
(西安文理学院 文学院, 710065; 陕西师范大学 文学院, 陕西 西安 710119)
魏耕原,男,陕西周至人,西安文理学院特聘教授,陕西师范大学文学院教授,博士研究生导师。
摘要:
《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书》(一)自2001年出版后,特别是其中的《孔子诗论》引起轰动而持久的考释、研究热潮,论文与专著交相纷然出现,成为一时之显学,延续数年之久。然此竹书有不少疑窦,颇值得重新思考。它与《论语》在论《诗经》上有许多不合,如思想、语言、词汇、文字、句式等都有极大差异;荀子最看重子曰《诗》云,他又是鲁、韩、毛《诗》的传授者,也是早期儒家最后的大师,而且晚年定居楚国,然而作于晚期的《荀子》看不到的《孔子诗论》的痕迹;秦火之后,西汉广收先秦典籍,然《汉书·艺文志》与两汉经学著作,以及史学、哲学著述等,均未见提及过,更谈不上引用;再从历代出土的简帛书看,从来没有发现过著名的儒家失传著作,如《乐经》,或孔子的任何其他著作;以往伪书最看重对儒家经典的冒名制作,如东晋出现的伪《古文尚书》,明代冒出的《申培诗说》,都和社会风气、时代时潮相关,目的不外乎名或者利;《孔子诗论》没有出土地点,又出现在社会作伪风气日涨之时,就更值得深思慎别。本此以上五点,以别伪求真的眼光对此予以重新思考。
关键词:
《孔子诗论》; 《论语》; 《荀子》; 两汉人著述
收稿日期:
2013-03-13
中图分类号:
I207.22
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2014)01-0080-08
基金项目:
Doi:
A Differentiating Analysis of Confucius’s Poetics
WEI Gengyuan
(College of Chinese Language and Literature, Xian Institute of Arts and Sciences, Xi’an 710065; College of Chinese Language and Literature, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi)
Abstract:
Since the publication in 2001, The Bamboo Slips of Chu in the Period of Warring Kingdoms Collected by Shanghai Museum, especially Confucius’s Poetics in the work, caused a great sensation and lasting upsurge of investigative interpretation and research, which made it a noted school for some time and caused the appearance of large quantities of research results. However, the work presents several doubtful points that deserve to be considered seriously. First of all, the work differs from The Analects and The Book of Songs in many ways, such as theory, language, expressions, words and sentence patterns. Next, an instructor of The Poems of Lu, Han and Mao and the last Confucian master, Xun Zi chose to settle permanently in the kingdom of Chu and wrote Xun Zi in his late years there. However, there was no mention of Confucius’s Poetics. After the Incident of Burning Books in the Qin Dynasty, the court of the West Han Dynasty collected extensively the preQin classics, but not a word was mentioned about The Poetics in The Volume of Arts and Literature in The History of the Han Dynasty and in the works on Confucian classics in the West and East Han Dynasties. Moreover, not a lost Confucian work, such as The Book of Music, has ever been discovered in the unearthed silk manuscripts and bamboo slips. In fact, those pseudographs in the past were all related to the atmosphere of current society and trends of the time for the purpose of seeking money or fame. Then, Confucius’s Poetics offered no place of unearthing and appeared just in the surge of counterfeit, which is worth deep consideration and careful differentiation.
KeyWords:
Confucius’s Poetics; The Analects; Xun Zi; classics in the West and East Han Dynasties