哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
历史地理学研究
明代“九边”女性的道德精神与阶层局限——以地方志“烈女”为主的考察
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刘 景 纯
(陕西师范大学 西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院, 陕西 西安 710062)
刘景纯,男,陕西礼泉人,历史学博士,陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院教授,博士研究生导师。
摘要:
明代“九边”在漫长的历史运动中形成以军事卫所为主体的准军事社会,社会成员构成,除了各级官僚、军官、军士及其家属外,还有一定数量的州县民藉人员和卫所代管的民藉人员。九边地区的“礼教”和“节烈”思想观念及其社会实践具有一定的普遍性,“节烈”女性多是官僚、军官、士人家庭或有着这样家庭背景的女性,一般军户、民人家庭的“节烈”妇女虽然也占有相当的比重,但总体上以“大家庭”、富户和商人家庭为多。“九边”社会重建后,生活于其中的少数民族妇女受“礼教”文化观念的影响甚微,终明一世,生活于此的少数民族与汉民族并没有实现礼教文化意义上的真正融合。
关键词:
明代“九边”; 烈女; 女性社会; 道德精神; 阶层局限
收稿日期:
2012-05-30
中图分类号:
K248; K828.5
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2013)05-0031-08
基金项目:
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(11FZS025)
Doi:
Women’s Moral Spirit and Class Limitation in the Nine Border Towns of the Ming Dynasty
LIU Jing-chun
(Northwest Institution of Historical Environment and Economic and Social Development, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi)
Abstract:
In the long course of historical development, “the nine border towns” of the Ming Dynasty shaped a paramilitary society centred with the guarding localities. This paramilitary society, besides all levels of officials, military officers, solders and their families, consists of a certain number of civil people of governed states and counties and escrow people.“The border towns” witnessed a relatively universal belief in and practice of “feudal moral code” and “chastity”. However, the “chaste women” mostly came from bureaucratic, military officer and scholastic families or women of such family background while those who were born into families of common soldiers and civil people took only a limited proportion. After the reconstruction of military town society, women of the minorities in border town were little influenced by the cultural ideology of “feudal moral code”. As a result, the Ming Dynasty failed to see a real fusion in the sense of “feudal moral code” between the Han nationality and other national minorities.
KeyWords:
“the nine border towns” in the Ming Dynasty; chaste woman; female society; moral spirit; class limitation