Under the constraints of the instrumental value concept of “only score is the map” and the impact of the existing “general vocational separation” selection competitive exam in the high school entrance examination, the majority of primary and secondary school students and their parents, in pursuit of promotion to key schools, are willing to sacrifice their physical and mental health, fall into the utilitarian and shortsighted educational dilemma of “score based competition”, which only focuses on shortterm “winners and losses” and only calculates immediate “gains and losses”. In addition, with the help of offcampus training institutions, this learning based concept of priortizing scores has directly triggered a surge in educational anxiety among primary and secondary school students and parents due to the diversion of high school entrance exams, and even spread to the lower grades of primary and secondary schools, making the heavy burden of oncampus coursework and offcampus training has become a “cancer” that erodes the physical and mental health development of students and the harmonious development of society. Therefore, this article explores the longterm implementation of the “double reduction” policy in the new era from two aspects: guiding the transformation of concepts and strengthening institutional guarantees, in order to fundamentally solve the longstanding educational difficulties and practical pain points of students’ heavy burden in compulsory education, and to return the healthy development of primary and secondary education to its true nature, and achieve its educational mission of laying the foundation for comprehensive human development.

“double reduction policy”; student physical and mental health; compulsory education; elementary education