Sima Qian’s view of nationality can be summarized as the theoretical system of “YanHuang Community”, which has three main connotations.The first is the unified view of the dynasty. It mainly discusses the ethnic distribution pattern of the Great Unification Dynasty, which proves that the Great Unification of the Han Dynasty originated from “huayi Unity”(华夷一体) and “the world as a whole”（天下一体）.The second is the “Huayi common ancestor alien” theory（华夷共祖异族）. Discusses the dialectical relationship between “common ancestors” and “foreign races” under the “Huayi common ancestor alien”, highlighting the “Huayi Debate”(华夷之辨)of“one world of all”（天下一家）.The third is the theory of“Han is the world’s sect” of “Hua Tongyi”（以华统夷）.It is believed that there is still the “differentiation between the Hua and Yi”（华夷有别）in the YanHuang Community, emphasizing that“Hua Tongyi”are not determined by blood, but by the differences of national cultures, and then it is deduced that the LiuHan Dynasty is the only one that has a legal“World Sect”（天下宗）.This is the ultimate goal of the YanHuang Community Theory, as well as the inherent logic behind that. It can be seen how the“Huayi Debate”developed from the“Huaxia Unity”in the Warring States Period to Sima Qian’s“Huayi Unity”.The“YanHuang Community”theory under the guidance of Sima Qian’s great unity thought can be regarded as the first step in the process of building the theory of the chinese nation community.It has had a profound impact on the national view and historical view of later generations, and has also contributed a wealth of theories to the development of china’s great unity thought.

Sima Qian; Huayi common ancestor； YanHuang Community; Great Unification; Shiji