哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
社会发展与治理研究
疫情之下对例外状态理论的再思考
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张铮, 于天洋
(吉林大学 行政学院, 吉林 长春 130012)
张铮,男,河南郑州人,吉林大学创新发展研究院(北京)副院长,吉林大学行政学院教授,博士研究生导师。
摘要:
新冠肺炎疫情在世界的大流行正在把更多国家拖入到例外状态之中。回顾西方例外状态的理论,施米特提出的主权决断论赋予了主权者无边界的权力,却因容易导致极权而饱受批评。阿甘本批判了例外状态已成为制造赤裸生命的场域,然而却很少论及例外状态存在的客观性和必要性。阿克曼为例外状态设计出了一套限制性的制度框架,然而其理论的实践性却令人怀疑。例外状态本质上是一种权力运作的特殊模式,在国家需要运用权力克服危机的非常时期,权力不合时宜的沉默仍然可能造就另一种例外状态。新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来,一些国家正在提供这种新型的例外状态样本,即在需要权力发挥功用时,权力却不作为、不决断。这种做法陷民众于更大的风险之中,形成了无例外的“例外状态”。
关键词:
例外状态; 紧急状态; 生命政治学; 阿甘本; 施米特; 阿克曼
收稿日期:
2021-08-12
中图分类号:
C912.67
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2021)06-0148-08
基金项目:
Doi:
10.15983/j.cnki.sxss.2021.1123
Rethinking the Theory of Exceptional State Under the Background of Epidemic Situation
ZHANG Zheng, YU Tianyang
(School of Public Administration, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin)
Abstract:
The infection of New Coronavirus pneumonia in the world is dragging more and more countries into the state of exception. Reviewing the theory of exceptional states in the West. Schmit’s theory of sovereignty decision gives the sovereign unlimited power, but it is criticized for its easy to lead to totalitarianism. Agamben criticizes that the state of exception has become the field of Bare Life, but he seldom discussed the objectivity and necessity of the exceptional state. Ackerman designed a restrictive institutional framework for exception, but the practicality of his theory is questionable. This paper points out that the exception state is essentially a special mode of power operation. When a state needs to use power to overcome the crisis, the inappropriate silence of power may still create another state of exception. Since the outbreak of New Coronavirus pneumonia, some countries are providing this new exception state sample, that is, when power is needed to function, power is not acting or deciding. This kind of policy is trapped in the greater risk of the public, forming an “exceptional state” without exception.
KeyWords:
exceptional state; state of emergency; biopolitics; Agamben; Schmit; Ackerman