哲学社会科学版
陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
美学研究
崇高的意义: 精神情感之可能——重思康德对崇高的演绎
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卢 春 红
(中国社会科学院 哲学研究所, 北京 100732)
卢春红,女,山西万荣人,哲学博士,中国社会科学院哲学研究所研究员,中国社会科学院大学哲学系教授,博士研究生导师。
摘要:
在康德《判断力批判》中,崇高的重要性不只体现为对自然与自由的关联,而且在更深层次上参与了纯粹审美判断的建构,因而有必要重新反思康德对崇高的演绎。通过分析第三批判中崇高的演绎过程,论文阐明了以下两点: 第一,康德的追问最初指向的是“无限制”的形式的内涵。然而,从数学的崇高到力学的崇高,当这一形式由“绝对整体”转向“超感性的基底”时,“无限制”的形式其实就是主体自身的“心灵情调”。对与意愿相关联的“强力”的分析,就其根本而言就是通过主体心灵与理性的结合来建构审美意义上的情感。第二,如果说对崇高的演绎呈现了情感之可能,那么这一情感固然不同于道德情感,也绝非“愉快和不快的情感”,而是一种“精神情感”。并由此得出结论: 对于纯粹审美判断,康德正是通过对崇高的演绎展示出精神情感的可能,并以此参与了这一先天综合判断之可能的建构。
关键词:
康德; 《判断力批判》; 崇高; 精神情感
收稿日期:
2020-11-27
中图分类号:
B516.31
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1672-4283(2021)05-0041-10
基金项目:
Doi:
10.15983/j.cnki.sxss.2021.0942
The Meaning of the Sublime: The Possibility of a Feeling of Spirit ——Rethinking Kant’s Deduction of the Sublime
LU Chunhong
(Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Science, Beijing 100732)
Abstract:
In the Critique of Judgment,the importance of sublimity is not only reflected in the connection between nature and freedom, but also in the construction of pure aesthetic judgment.Therefore, it is necessary to rethink Kant’s deduction of the sublime.By analyzing the process of deduction of the sublime in the third critique, this paper attempts to clarify the following two points: firstly, Kant’s inquiry initially points to the connotation of “unlimited” form.However, from the mathematically sublime to the mechanically sublime, when the form changes from “absolute whole” to “supersensible substrate”, the “unlimited” form is actually the subject’s own “mental attunement”.The analysis of the “power” associated with will, in its essence, is to construct the feeling in the aesthetic sense through the combination of subject mind and reason.Secondly, If the interpretation of the sublime shows the possibility of feeling, this emotion is not “the feeling of pleasure and displeasure”, but “the feeling of spirit”.For the synthesis of pure aesthetic judgment, Kant shows the possibility of the feeling of spirit through the deduction of the sublime, and thus participates in the construction of the possibility of synthetic apriori judgement.
KeyWords:
Kant; Critique of Judgment; sublimity; the feeling of spirit